6.1 Food Production: Bacteria

Introduction

  • Bacteria play a crucial role in the food industry, primarily through fermentation.
  • Fermentation improves preservation, flavor, texture, and nutritional value of food.

Uses of Bacteria in Food Industry

  • Dairy Products: Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus) produce yogurt, cheese, kefir, sour cream by converting lactose to lactic acid.
  • Fermented Foods: Used for pickles, sauerkraut, kimchi, and fermented meats (salami, pepperoni).
  • Vinegar: Bacteria produce vinegar from alcohol via acetic acid fermentation.
  • Bread Making: Lactic acid bacteria contribute to sourdough fermentation, improving taste and dough properties.
  • Beverages: Involved in some alcoholic and non-alcoholic fermented drinks like kombucha.

Benefits of Bacteria in Food

  • Flavor Development: Produce compounds that create complex flavors (e.g., in cheese, sourdough).
  • Preservation: Acids produced during fermentation lower pH, inhibiting spoilage and harmful microorganisms.
  • Nutritional Enhancement: Increase nutrient bioavailability and promote beneficial bacteria (probiotics).
  • Vitamin Synthesis: Certain bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Pseudomonas) can synthesize vitamins like B12.