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6.3 Food Production: Agriculture
Introduction to Agriculture
Definition:
Cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising livestock for food, fiber, and other products.
Encompasses science, art, and occupation involved in these activities.
Agricultural Practices
Soil Preparation:
Ploughing, leveling, manuring.
Sowing:
Dispersing seeds.
Manuring and Fertilization:
Supplying nutrients.
Irrigation:
Controlled water supply.
Weeding:
Removing unwanted plants.
Harvesting:
Gathering mature crops.
Storage:
Storing produce.
Crop Rotation:
Growing different crops in sequence.
Cover Cropping:
Planting for soil health.
Animal Husbandry:
Raising domesticated animals.
Cultivated Crops
Food Crops:
Grown for human consumption (e.g., Rice, Wheat, Pulses, Vegetables, Fruits).
Cash Crops:
Grown for sale to generate income (e.g., Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee).
Crops Grown in India
Cereals:
Rice, Wheat, Maize, Jowar, Bajra.
Pulses:
Gram, Arhar, Moong, Urad.
Oilseeds:
Groundnut, Mustard, Soybean, Sunflower.
Cash Crops:
Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute, Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Spices.
Importance of Agriculture
Food and Raw Material Provision:
Primary source of food and raw materials for industries.
Economic Development:
Significant contributor to GDP, employment, and trade.
Employment Generation:
Provides jobs for millions.
Food Security:
Ensures national self-sufficiency in food.
Environmental Sustainability:
Contributes to environmental health (sustainable practices).
Cultural and Social Impact:
Preserves traditions, strengthens communities.